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3.
Clinics ; 63(5): 677-682, 2008. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-495044

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The evaluation of endothelial function has been performed in the arterial bed, but recently evaluation within the venous system has also been explored. Endothelial function studies employ different drugs that act as endothelium-dependent vasodilatory response inductors. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to compare the endothelium-dependent venous vasodilator response mediated by either acetylcholine or bradykinin in healthy volunteers. METHODS AND RESULTS: Changes in vein diameter after phenylephrine-induced venoconstriction were measured to compare venodilation induced by acetylcholine or bradykinin (linear variable differential transformer dorsal hand vein technique). We studied 23 healthy volunteers; 31 percent were male, and the subject had a mean age of 33 ± 8 years and a mean body mass index of 23 ± 2 kg/m². The maximum endothelium-dependent venodilation was similar for both drugs (p = 0.13), as well as the mean responses for each dose of both drugs (r = 0.96). The maximum responses to acetylcholine and bradykinin also had good agreement. CONCLUSION: There were no differences between acetylcholine and bradykinin as venodilators in this endothelial venous function investigation.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Acetylcholine/pharmacology , Bradykinin/pharmacology , Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects , Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors/pharmacology , Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Endothelium, Vascular/physiology , Hand/blood supply , Nitroprusside/pharmacology , Phenylephrine/pharmacology , Veins/drug effects , Young Adult
4.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 87(3): 352-358, set. 2006. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-436198

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descrever o manejo não-farmacológico de pacientes internados com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) em um hospital universitário. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte longitudinal de pacientes com IC diagnosticados pelo escore de Boston. Durante as 72 horas iniciais de internação, enfermeiras da clínica de IC realizaram entrevistas padronizadas e revisões de prontuários. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliadas 283 internações de 239 pacientes (idade = 64 ± 15 anos), aproximadamente 50 por cento sexo masculino e 37 por cento de etiologia isquêmica. O padrão de prescrição dos diferentes cuidados não-farmacológicos foi restrição de sal em 97 por cento, controle de diurese em 85 por cento, balanço hídrico em 75 por cento, controle de peso em 61 por cento e restrição hídrica em apenas 25 por cento das internações. Embora os cuidados referidos estivessem nas prescrições, freqüentemente não eram realizados pela equipe responsável (p < 0,01 para todas as comparações). O uso irregular dos fármacos prescritos na semana anterior à hospitalização ocorreu em 22 por cento e 21 por cento dos pacientes sem e com re-internações, respectivamente (p = 1,00). Os pacientes com reinternações (n = 38) apresentaram disfunção sistólica grave, mais hospitalizações prévias e tempo prolongado de sintomas de IC, quando comparados aos não-reinternados, além de terem conhecimento mais adequado de aspectos relacionados com autocuidado (todos valores de p < 0,05). Na análise multivariada, apenas tempo de doença sintomática permaneceu como preditor independente de reinternações. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos dados indicam que mesmo em hospital universitário há importantes lacunas relativas à prescrição e realização de medidas não-farmacológicas de autocuidado na IC. Demonstramos que pacientes que reinternam aparentam bom conhecimento da doença; esse achado, entretanto, está relacionado de forma importante com a gravidade e o tempo de evolução da IC.


OBJECTIVE: To describe non-pharmacological management of patients admitted with heart failure (HF) in a teaching hospital. METHODS: A cohort longitudinal study of patients diagnosed with HF according to the Boston score. Within the first 72 hours of admission, the nursing staff of the HF clinic conducted structured interviews and medical chart reviews. RESULTS: Two hundred and eighty-three admissions of 239 patients (age = 64 ± 15 years) were evaluated; approximately 50 percent of the patients were male and 37 percent had heart failure of ischemic etiology Non-pharmacological measures included salt restriction in 97 percent, urine output monitoring in 85 percent, fluid balance in 75 percent, weight monitoring in 61 percent, and fluid restriction in only 25 percent of the patients. However, they were often not carried out by the team in charge (p < 0.01 for all comparisons). Irregular use of prescribed drugs in the week prior to admission was 22 percent and 21 percent in non-readmitted and readmitted patients, respectively (p = 1.00). Readmitted patients (n = 38) had severe systolic dysfunction, more previous hospitalizations, and longer duration of HF symptoms, as compared to those non-readmitted; in addition they had better knowledge related to self-care (p values < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, only duration of symptoms remained as an independent predictor of re-admissions. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that, even at a teaching hospital, important gaps exist between prescribing non-pharmacological measures for HF patients and their being carried out. Readmitted patients seem to have good understanding of their condition; this finding, however, is significantly associated with HF severity and time of onset.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Cardiac Output, Low/therapy , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Patient Education as Topic , Cohort Studies , Cardiac Output, Low/prevention & control , Hospitals, Teaching , Interviews as Topic , Longitudinal Studies , Prospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Self Care/statistics & numerical data
5.
Sci. med ; 16(1): 38-48, 2006.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-445383

ABSTRACT

Esta revisão enfoca os aspectos clinicos da doença obstrutiva de carótidas, as indicações atuais de intervenção cirúrgica, e os conceitos emergentes de vulnerabilidade e caracterização morfológica da placa. Foram acessadas publicações contidas nas bases de dados Medline entre 1986 e 2006. Foram selecionados artigos originais e revisões sistemáticas relevantes sobre o tema, priorizados a partir preconizado pela Medicina baseada em evidências, excluindo-se relatos ou séries de casos. Diversas são as evidênciasde que marcadores inflamatórios sorológicos, e determinadas características morfológicas da placa de carótida, expressas em métodos de imagens, podem associar-se aos eventos isquêmicos cerebrais. A identificação das placas vulneráveis de carótida poderá modificar as indicações vigentes de intervenção, atualmente baseadas apenas no perecentual angiográfico de estenose.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Atherosclerosis , Carotid Artery Diseases , Endarterectomy, Carotid , Sepsis , Cerebrovascular Trauma
8.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-695707

ABSTRACT

Remodelamento ventricular se refere ao processo fisiopatológico caracterizado por alterações da morfologia ventricular e que, freqüentemente, culmina em dilatação das cavidades cardíacas. O processo de dilatação ventricular pós-infarto ocorre após um dano isquêmico agudo e irreversível, sendo influenciado primordialmente por três fatores interdependentes: o tamanho do infarto, o estresse da parede ventricular e o processo de cicatrização tecidual. Os meios mais eficientes de evitar ou minimizar o aumento nas dimensões ventriculares após um infarto são através da limitação do dano isquêmico e da redução da pós-carga e da tensão da parede ventricular. Recentemente, o papel da síntese e degradação da matriz extracelular nos processos relacionados com o remodelamento ventricular pós-infarto vem recebendo grande interesse. A modulação da atividade de uma família de enzimas proteolíticas, as metaloproteinases, responsáveis pela degradação de proteínas da matriz extracelular, emergiu como uma estratégia terapêutica potencial para pacientes em risco de desenvolver quadros de falência miocárdica. Dados promissores, utilizando modelos de infarto experimental, sugerem que esse tipo de abordagem poderá ter um papel relevante no tratamento do remodelamento ventricular pósinfarto. De forma similar, diversos investigadores têm avaliado estratégias inovadoras de tratamento que se baseiam no conceito de que a regeneração do tecido miocárdico é factível e segura, envolvendo o uso de terapias com células pluripotentes. Inúmeros estudos experimentais já avaliaram o uso destas células em diferentes modelos de lesão miocárdica, demonstrando resultados consistentemente benéficos em aspectos funcionais. Estudos clínicos estão sendo desenvolvidos em todo o mundo, incluindo iniciativas no Brasil, para definir o papel destas estratégias de tratamento na reversão do remodelamento ventricular pós-infarto.


Postinfarction ventricular remodeling is a pathophysiological process characterized by changes in ventricular geometry and frequently leading to progressive chamber dilatation. The process of postinfarction ventricular dilatation, which is a result of an acute and irreversible ischemic injury, is mainly influenced by three interdependent factors: infarct size, ventricular wall stress and the tissue healing process. The most efficient strategies in order to avoid or minimize increases in ventricular dimension after an infarction involve attempts to limit the ischemic damage and afterload and ventricular wall stress reduction. The role of the synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix in processes related to the postinfarction ventricular remodeling has recently received increasing interest. Modulation of the activity of several proteolytic enzymes - the metalloproteinases, which are responsible for the degradation of the extracellular matrix - has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for patients at risk of developing heart failure. Preliminary experimental data on animal models suggest that this approach may have a relevant role in the management of postinfarction ventricular remodeling. Similarly, several investigators have evaluated innovative treatment strategies based on the concept that the myocardial tissue regeneration using pluripotent cells is feasible and safe. Several experimental studies have shown that the use of pluripotent cells in different models of myocardial damage results in significant improvement in functional outcomes. Clinical studies that are being developed worldwide, including in Brazil, will define the role of such strategies to reverse postinfarction ventricular remodeling.


Subject(s)
Heart Ventricles , Metalloproteases , Myocardial Infarction
9.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 78(3): 261-266, Mar. 2002. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-305032

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To report the hemodynamic and functional responses obtained with clinical optimization guided by hemodynamic parameters in patients with severe and refractory heart failure. METHODS: Invasive hemodynamic monitoring using right heart catheterization aimed to reach low filling pressures and peripheral resistance. Frequent adjustments of intravenous diuretics and vasodilators were performed according to the hemodynamic measurements. RESULTS: We assessed 19 patients (age = 48±12 years and ejection fraction = 21±5 percent) with severe heart failure. The intravenous use of diuretics and vasodilators reduced by 12 mm Hg (relative reduction of 43 percent) pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (P<0.001), with a concomitant increment of 6 mL per beat in stroke volume (relative increment of 24 percent, P<0.001). We observed significant associations between pulmonary artery occlusion pressure and mean pulmonary artery pressure (r=0.76; P<0.001) and central venous pressure (r=0.63; P<0.001). After clinical optimization, improvement in functional class occurred (P< 0.001), with a tendency towards improvement in ejection fraction and no impairment to renal function. CONCLUSION: Optimization guided by hemodynamic parameters in patients with refractory heart failure provides a significant improvement in the hemodynamic profile with concomitant improvement in functional class. This study emphasizes that adjustments in blood volume result in imme-diate benefits for patients with severe heart failure


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Cardiac Catheterization , Cardiac Output, Low , Hemodynamics , Blood Pressure , Cardiac Output, Low , Diuretics , Furosemide , Hemodynamics , Nitroprusside , Vasodilator Agents
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